Author: Morgan S. Abbott

  • Abbottanical Native Wildflower Seeds

    Abbottanical Native Wildflower Seeds

    Originally published in September 2021 and re-published on May 2, 2025.

    After starting this business in 2019, I desperately wanted to provide a product that was missing from the market in the Intermountain West: a locally-sourced, 100% native wildflower seed mix.

    Many of the wildflower seed mixes that are commercially available in nurseries and grocery stores are labeled as native, but have non-native or even invasive species to cut the mix to bring down costs. Cynoglossum amabile, Chinese forget-me-not, is a wildflower that is native to central Asia and is regularly used in pollinator mixes. While it is beautiful, it does tend to escape from gardens and becomes a persistent weed in the community. Additionally, pollinators visit this flower, but a native Utah bee wouldn’t have a symbiotic relationship to a flower that originates on the other side of the world. Consider an alternative: a native forget-me-not that has evolved within ecological communities within Utah, like Hackelia micanthra, meadow forget-me-not, or Eritrichium nanum, arctic alpine forget-me-not.

    Unfortunately, it is difficult to source native seeds, especially in Utah where wild native plants have a reputation of being “weeds” or are considered “ugly” in comparison to showy cultivars that are widely available in large nurseries. That being said, I was able to come up with a seed mix that features showy native wildflowers that are a proven hit with pollinators and “poor” soil that is prevalent in Utah.

    I feel that these wildflowers represent the best parts of Utah: resilience, beauty and hope for a brighter future. I consider all of them my friends that cheer me up during my long weeks in the field under the hot summer sun. As this mix has a variety of annuals and perennials, you will find that some of these friends won’t make a dramatic appearance for a couple of years. I have a 3 tips to help the wait feel a bit shorter:

    #1. Be patient: long-lasting relationships that are healing our environment takes time.

    #2. Be on the lookout for introduced species that can be used at home for food or herbal remedies. Finding plants that settler ancestors brought that have crowded out their neighbors, limited traditional food & medicine pathways and reduced pollinators is one way to support indigenous sovereignty within our communities. I always recommend utilizing safety protocols to eliminate spread.

    #3. Be Mindful: It is the perfect time to practice relationships (plant identification & learning plant ecology) with your annual wildflowers and other plants that already exist within your community.

    These are the 10 wildflowers that made the cut for “Abbottanical Native Wildflower Seeds” Mix:

    Penstemon palmeri (Palmer’s penstemon) is a perennial light-pink snapdragon look-alike that is widespread in Utah between 3,000 and 8,000 ft. Peak flowering times occur in late-April through mid-June. It is also one of the few penstemon that have a scent.

    Photo courtesy of Stan Shebs via Wikimedia Commons.

    Distribution Map

    Linium lewisii (Blue Flax) is a showy blue perennial that is native to North America and can be found along roadsides and washes. This plant can be used as fiber and is a popular favorite for pollinators. Peak flowering time is from early-May to mid-July between 2,000 and 10,000 feet. It loves full-sun and birds love to snack on its seeds through fall and winter.

    Photo courtesy of Skoch3 via Wikimedia Commons.

    Distribution Map

    Cleome serrulata (Rocky Mountain Beeplant, waa’, tumi, a’pilalu & ado:we) is a prolific native wildflower in North America. An annual with vivid pink or creamy white blossoms, it has numerous ethnobotanical uses and attracts innumerable pollinators. It flowers between late-July and early-September at elevations between 2,000 and 8,000 feet.

    Photo courtesy of Clarence A. Rechenthin via Wikimedia Commons.

    Distribution Map

    Balsamorhiza sagittata (Arrowleaf Balsamroot) is a large yellow flower and a member of the sunflower family found in western North America. Perennial and full of ethnobotanical uses, it attracts native pollinators to your garden. Flowering between mid-May through June and thrives in elevations up to 8,000 feet.

    Photo courtesy of Extemporalist via Wikimedia Commons.

    Distribution Map

    Gaillardia aristata (Common Blanketflower), a perennial native wildflower that has multiple ethnobotanical uses. Usually found in seed mixes as a cultivar, but is locally-sourced seed in our mix that grows wild in fields and meadows within the Intermountain West. Flowers from June to July up to 8,000 feet.

    Photo courtesy of Walter Sigmund via Wikimedia Commons.

    Distribution Map

    Echinacea purpurea (Purple Coneflower), this is a popular perennial medicinal wildflower that is native to the central United States and is found within Colorado’s native range. As it isn’t strictly a Utah native plant, I debated adding it to the seed mix. However, its popularity and showiness as a native North American plant is tremendous. It is easily recognizable and heavily attracts native pollinators. I’m in the works on sourcing seeds from it’s closely-related cousin Rudbeckia occidentalis (western coneflower) that is a native Utah wildflower for next season’s seed mix.

    Photo courtesy of Eric Hunt via Wikimedia Commons.

    Distribution Map

    Lupinus argenteus (Silvery Lupine) is a stunning perennial wildflower that grows across North America, including Utah. Despite its beauty, it is the only plant in this mix that isn’t safe for consumption. It is safe to touch, but don’t let children, livestock or pets consume it. If you don’t want it in your garden, it is very easy to identify and remove before it becomes established. Flowering occurs during the summer (June through August) and thrives at elevations between 4,000 and 10,000 feet.

    Photo courtesy of Morgan S. Abbott, Abbott Botanical Assessments.

    Distribution Map

    Achillea millefollium (Yarrow) is a common wildflower that is extremely prevalent throughout North America and is starting to be incorporated into lawns and neighborhood gardens. Yarrow blooms from late-March into early-August, especially at lower elevations (0-2,000 feet). At higher elevations (4,000-10,000 ft), yarrow has a shorter blooming period, from mid-June to the end of August. This wildflower is considered native, but has been hybridizing with European cultivars for hundreds of years, blurring the line between native and naturalized.

    Photo courtesy of Morgan S. Abbott, Abbott Botanical Assessments.

    Distribution Map

    Sphaeralcea coccinea (Scarlet Globemallow), an ethnobotanical staple in the West, is a personal favorite of mine. It loves to grow in hot, dry places that have high rates of disturbance. Its red-orange blossoms can be found during May and June from 4,000 to 8,000 feet. A perfect wildflower for a south-facing side yard in Utah Valley.

    Photo courtesy of Morgan S. Abbott, Abbott Botanical Assessments

    Distribution Map

    Sphaeralcea parviflora (Smallflower Globemallow) was chosen for this mix because it is so prevalent in the Colorado Plateau and the Mojave Desert ecosystems. I wanted to include a plant that is quintessential to desert life and red rock. Also a dedication to people and places that are dear to me. The bloom time for this wildflower can be seen from late-April to early-July from 4,000 to 8,000 feet in elevation.

    Photo courtesy of Max Licher via SEINet Portal Network.

    Distribution Map

    Propagation of “Abbottanical Native Wildflower Seeds”

    These 5 steps are sourced from this website!

    #1: Planting Time: This means plant right after the first hard frost. The recommended date would be on Halloween (October 31, 2021) if you’re sowing around 4,800 feet.

    #2: Prepare your site. Look for an area that has at least 6 hours of sun per day. Remove weeds and other unwanted materials. Wildflowers need room to grow!

    #3: Sow. You can mix your seeds with sand for even distribution. Make sure to spread the seeds out so that they can thrive and not compete with each other for nutrients.

    #4: Step on the seeds. Gently walk on the area that you sowed seeds. They need sun and will not germinate if they aren’t stratified by cold weather.

    #5: Hurry up and wait. You don’t need to water seeds as they should receive enough precipitation in the winter. Blooms for annuals will appear in spring or early summer.

    Where can I buy your seeds?

    I am no longer carrying or selling this product. If you are interested in sourcing 100% native wildflower seeds please contact your local Utah Native Plant Society chapter, US Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management field office, University with a field botany course (Southern Utah University, Utah Valley University, Weber State, Brigham Young University, Utah State University, etc), or relevant community partners.

  • All About Boots: A Botanist’s Perspective

    Previously published on 03/07/2021. Revised and updated on 5/2/2025. This post is not sponsored content.

    It is cold and rainy today in Utah. If I have a choice in hiking weather, rainy isn’t usually my favorite. I don’t have a lot of rain gear because we generally don’t get rain. I have exactly one raincoat and no umbrellas. So I feel like today is a great day to talk about a hiker’s most important gear: footwear. I have very strong opinions about footwear because I like having comfortable feet, and I’m really picky. I expect my boots to hold up in dense patches of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), hiking up shale, or wading through cow pies and dodging prickly pear cactus (Opuntia polycantha). I also need to be able to use a manual transmission while in the boots.

    Trail Runners vs Hiking/Work Boots

    This is pretty divisive among myself and my colleagues. I think the main differences can be boiled down to what you need. If you need a shoe that is light and breathable trail runners are great for that. Especially if you’re planning on staying on a trail and avoiding pokey plants and cheatgrass. I’m in the camp that prefers boots because I need the support. I have strong ankles, but I like the extra protection, grip and durability of boots. I wore trail runners in the field and was seriously injured because I wasn’t wearing my normal footwear. My foot slipped off a rock and I fell about 8-10 feet on a talus slope. I was fine, just had a concussion and a neck sprain, but if I had my regular boots I wouldn’t have been injured.

    Cost

    To start off with, I think it is worth spending money on your footwear. It is the only thing that protects you from the ground. If you screw up your feet, you won’t be able to hike easily. Don’t be afraid to spend over $100 on boots if you can afford it. I am frugal and I don’t spend money on much besides good boots once a year and knitting materials. I usually spend between $200-300 on boots.

    You can find boots at Walmart for $50-75 that have glued soles and synthetic materials. If you don’t hike for your job and only go hiking a couple of times per year, that’s fine. When you start hitting the $100-150 range, you’re getting into boots that are made to be hiked in regularly. This price range isn’t unreasonable if you’re getting mens’ boots. In my experience, women usually have to spend more to get the same quality of materials as a mens boot. I can’t tell you the amount of times I was really excited to find a really awesome boot for $150, but then saw that it had plastic eyelets that were glued to the leather, whereas the mens boots had metal d-rings that were secured to the uppers with rivets. To get the same quality, I would have had to spend an extra $40 because the mens boots didn’t go down to a small enough size.

    Experience

    Go to a place that does good boot sizing for women with quality shoes. I’ve been to many stores in my area that had a terrible women’s selection and terrible customer service. I’d recommend going to stores that don’t require you to be a walking Patagonia or North Face ad to shop there. Despite women’s sizing issues at Red Wings outlets, I really love the quality of their boots and their customer service. They usually can find small men’s boots to fit women’s feet. I’d also try going to your local gear store. Here where I live, we have Out N Back, who I LOVE. They didn’t have the boots I wanted to try on, but were happy to send me to a store that did.

    How to look for a quality boot

    I prefer boots that are leather. I like the main body of the boot to be leather with a little bit of padding around the ankle for comfort. I like a flexible, but grippy sole.

    1. GLUE: When I’m looking for a new boot, I make sure that there isn’t any glue leaking where the uppers meet the sole. You also don’t want any gaps. It should be pretty smooth. I feel that it shows that the manufacturer is detail-oriented. If there is glue all over, then what other defects exist?
    2. LONGEVITY: I like boots that can be resoled–I don’t own a pair like that right now, but if you don’t wear out uppers before your sole wears out, you are a good candidate for resoling. It saves you money, saves it from landfills and saves you time breaking in new boots.
    3. EYELETS/GROMMETS: Make sure the eyelets (where the laces go through) are metal and are securely attached to the boot. If you have plastic eyelets they will fall off and this can put you at risk for injury. You don’t want to trip on a bootlace while you’re rock scrambling.
    4. SOLES: Do the soles fall apart if you aggressively rub them in your hands? If they do, don’t buy them.
    5. INSERTS: Can you put in an insert? They can help with supporting your arches and encouraging proper spine alignment, while increasing the longevity of your boot. Very important if you have high/low arches and are on your feet all day.

    Trying them on

    Wear or bring socks that you are planning on using with these boots. When you put on your boots, notice where it is rubbing. If it’s an all-leather boot like the Red Wing 606 you can expect to be a little tight for the first two weeks or so. It’s because you have to break them in so the leather can form to your feet. It should be a little tight, but it will stretch out the more you wear them, especially if you regularly oil them. Walk in the boots you’re trying on. Run, squat, twist, go on your tiptoes. Do normal movements that you do every day at work. If they hurt your feet, talk to the salesperson. They’re there to help you find the perfect boot for your needs. If you know the kind of boots you want, try and find last seasons colors and styles for a discounted price. Usually there aren’t any defects and you can get a quality women’s boot at a very affordable price.

    What I Wear

    I’ve owned many pairs of boots in my life and my favorite boots so far are Vasque St. Elias Women’s Boot . I was boot-hunting for a few weeks in March 2019 and I was getting really frustrated trying to find a boot that fit my feet and would at least last me through the field season (Mid April-September). I wanted something that had metal eyelets that were secured to the uppers. Since March 2019, I’d estimate that I’ve put over 200 miles on this pair. I spent the spring and summer on the border between Nevada and Utah with highs ranging from 32F to 110F. They have survived a very unusual wet spring and summer. Post-field season uses, I have used them as regular cold weather boots while shoveling snow and going on walks in the park. I’ve also gone snow-shoeing in them and I was pleasantly surprised that they held up and kept my feet warm.

    Keeping your boots in tip-top shape

    1. Moisturize the leather on your boots, especially if you live in a dry climate like I do. It keeps the leather from cracking and breaking and increases the life of your boot.
    2. Don’t wear them constantly. Your feet need to air out at the end of the day. Make sure to bring camping shoes with you like a pair of old slippers or sandals. It gives the leather time to breathe and let your boot (and feet) air out. If you’re traveling between areas, take off your shoes and socks and let them breathe.
    3. Clean your boots after each use. I wipe my boots down with a damp bandana if there is a fine layer of dust. If they’re damp from scat or mud, I wipe off as much as I can from the uppers and the soles and use a dry brush to finish cleaning the dried dirt until I get back home. I don’t soak my boots to wash them as that can damage the leather, glue and metal.
    4. Clean your feet! If you’re out in the field, make sure to wipe down your feet with a wet cloth or baby wipes. This helps prevent your feet from getting cuts, heat rashes blisters and body odor.
    5. Always bring more socks. On my 8-day trips last season, I brought twice as many socks than I needed. Wear wool socks if you aren’t allergic. It wicks away moisture and keeps foot-funk down because of antimicrobial properties. This also helps you avoid sweat buildup in your boots.
    6. Consider using a wool insole. If you’re needing extra support a wool insole is a good option. They help your feet stay dry, don’t contribute to microplastic pollution and are biodegradable even after years of wear.

    Are you looking for field gear recommendations for your needs? Are you interested in a career in natural resources? Need someone to come take a look at your trees?

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